Ova, singular ovum, is also called an egg cell formed in the female reproductive organ; the ovary develops into offspring when fertilised by sperm.
An ovum is present inside the ovary of the female reproductive system. The ovum starts as an immature egg cell. The maturation process from a primary egg cell into a matured ovum is called oogenesis. A follicle surrounds the ovum, which then matures inside the follicle that stays dormant. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) regulate the growth and release of the ovum from the follicle. Ovulation is the process of releasing an egg (ovum) from the follicle. After releasing the ovum (egg), it travels down through the fallopian tube into the uterus. After conception, when the sperm meets the egg and fuses, the egg fertilises to form a zygote. The zygote then travels into the uterus, where after a few weeks, the zygote adheres to the uterine wall. This zygote matures into an embryo which grows into a fetus, finally developing into a fully grown offspring.
Structure of an Ovum
An ovum is a haploid female gamete. The ovum consists of corona radiata, perivitelline space, vitelline membrane, polar body, zona pellucida, and nucleus. Corona Radiata is multiple layers of follicle cells attached to the ovum before releasing from the follicle. The head of sperm consists of acrosome that contains enzymes that break down the matrix that binds the corona radiata cells together. After breaking through the corona radiata, the sperm enters into zona pellucida, a glycoprotein matrix. Zona pellucida is responsible for transmitting signals between the ovum and the follicle cells. The enzymes present in acrosome disintegrate the glycoprotein matrix in zona pellucida to enter into the perivitelline space.
Perivitelline space contains a hyaluronan matrix, cortical granules, and a polar body; interacting with the sperm releases cortical granules. When fertilised by the sperm, the cortical granules modify the extracellular conditions to block the other sperms from reaching the egg cell. The polar body is a byproduct of meiotic division. During meiosis, the egg cell does not divide equally, resulting in a small DNA and cytoplasm formation into a polar body. The polar body functions to aid the egg cell in its development after fertilisation. The vitelline membrane envelopes the main nucleus and the membrane called ooplasm (cytoplasm in the ovum). The role of the vitelline membrane is to maintain the shape of the ovum and protects its contents, such as the nucleus. The nucleus is a haploid containing 23 chromosomes.
Formation of Ovum – Oogenesis
Oogenesis is transforming from an immature ovum into a matured ovum. The follicles in the ovary are formed by stimulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by the pituitary gland. The immature ovum is called an oocyte, which matures inside the follicle. When the fetus is 8 – 20 weeks old, the ova in the ovaries starts to grow and multiply by mitosis to develop later. After birth, the primary oocyte undergoes the first meiotic division to enter a dormant stage. Once the female baby reaches its sexual reproductive maturity stage, the egg cells are released, beginning the menstruation phase. These immature cells are called primary ova that remain dormant until released during ovulation. The egg cell then undergoes meiotic division to produce haploid egg cells. One of the cells is larger than the other; the large cell is the ovum that reaches maturation and is released into the fallopian tubes.
A primordial follicle is an independent hormonal phase (FSH and LH) that grows into primary and secondary follicles. The primordial follicles contain primordial sex cells (a primary oocyte) called oogonia formed by mitotic division surrounded by follicular cells. In contrast, the smaller cell is the polar body that assists the larger cell in developing and maturing.
The secondary follicle develops into the preantral follicle stage that the FSH stimulates to grow into the antral follicle stage, containing space between the developing cells surrounding the ovum. The antral follicle reaches into Graafian follicle stage due to the FSH and LH stimulation. At the antral follicle stage, the primary oocyte undergoes meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte (larger cell) and a polar body (smaller cell), called a mature Graafian follicle. This matured Graafian follicle reaches the inner surface of the ovary to break open to release the ovum. The LH hormone induces ovulation by releasing the ovum from the Graafian follicle. The released ovum (secondary oocyte) is surrounded by follicular cells. Meanwhile, under the influence of LH, the Graafian follicle closes itself up to transform into corpus luteum (CL).
Factors affecting ovulation
Any issues leading to affecting ovulation can negatively impact fertility. This infertility could lead to the inability to produce offspring. Some common factors that affect the ovulation are:
- Age, when a female is born, the number of eggs produced in the ovary disintegrates as they keep growing. Therefore, when the female reaches the mid-30s, the available number of eggs and their quality is reduced. Hence, after the mid-30s, the chances for a woman to get pregnant are less likely.
- Weight is another major factor that influences ovulation. It has been observed that most overweight women have an irregular menstrual cycle (ovulation) compared to women with a regular cycle, reducing the likelihood of getting pregnant.
- Smoking women have an increased likelihood of a reduced chance of becoming pregnant by decreasing the eggs in the ovary, additionally damaging the walls of the fallopian tube. The drugs can also damage the fallopian tube and affect ovulation functions. Alcohol and other drugs also lead to delays in fetal development and may cause defects at birth.
I definitely enjoy every little bit of it, and I have bookmarked you to check out new stuff you post. wurinet2.com
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and
I in finding It really helpful & it helped me out much. I am hoping to offer one thing again and help others such as you helped me.
my blog post :: vpn coupon 2024
I blog often and I really thank you for your information. The article has really
peaked my interest. I will book mark your website and keep checking for new information about once a week.
I subscribed to your Feed as well.
Have a look at my website: vpn special code
Hi just wanted facebook vs eharmony to find love online give you a brief heads
up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading properly.
I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue.
I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same results.
My brother recommended I might like this web site.
He was entirely right. This post actually made my day. You cann’t
imagine simply how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!
Check out my web site: eharmony special coupon code 2024
My partner and I stumbled over here coming from a different page and thought I might check things out.
I like what I see so now i’m following you. Look forward to checking out your web page repeatedly.
Here is my web page … nordvpn special coupon code 2024
pin up 360 https://azerbaijancuisine.com/# pin up azerbaycan yukle
pin up casino azerbaycan
medicine in mexico pharmacies mexican northern doctors purple pharmacy mexico price list
mexican rx online mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa buying prescription drugs in mexico online
medicine in mexico pharmacies mexican drugstore online mexican pharmaceuticals online
п»їbest mexican online pharmacies northern doctors buying from online mexican pharmacy
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa: mexican pharmacy northern doctors – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
https://northern-doctors.org/# mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
mexican pharmaceuticals online: mexican northern doctors – mexico drug stores pharmacies
mexico drug stores pharmacies mexican mail order pharmacies mexican mail order pharmacies
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: Mexico pharmacy that ship to usa – medication from mexico pharmacy
medicine in mexico pharmacies: northern doctors – reputable mexican pharmacies online
https://northern-doctors.org/# mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
buying prescription drugs in mexico: Mexico pharmacy that ship to usa – mexico pharmacies prescription drugs
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: mexican pharmacy online – mexican drugstore online
https://northern-doctors.org/# purple pharmacy mexico price list
buying from online mexican pharmacy: mexican northern doctors – mexico drug stores pharmacies
https://northern-doctors.org/# buying from online mexican pharmacy
reputable mexican pharmacies online: mexican pharmacy – mexico pharmacy
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa Mexico pharmacy that ship to usa buying from online mexican pharmacy
https://northern-doctors.org/# buying from online mexican pharmacy
reputable mexican pharmacies online: mexican pharmacy northern doctors – buying prescription drugs in mexico online
mexican pharmacy: northern doctors pharmacy – medication from mexico pharmacy
https://northern-doctors.org/# mexican rx online
mexican pharmacy: Mexico pharmacy that ship to usa – pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
https://northern-doctors.org/# pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
mexico drug stores pharmacies mexican mail order pharmacies best online pharmacies in mexico
mexico pharmacies prescription drugs: northern doctors pharmacy – medication from mexico pharmacy
https://northern-doctors.org/# mexico drug stores pharmacies
mexican drugstore online: mexican northern doctors – buying prescription drugs in mexico online
http://northern-doctors.org/# п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
п»їbest mexican online pharmacies: northern doctors – mexico pharmacy
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa: mexican northern doctors – mexico drug stores pharmacies
https://northern-doctors.org/# mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
medicine in mexico pharmacies: mexican pharmacy – purple pharmacy mexico price list
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa mexican pharmacy northern doctors medicine in mexico pharmacies
п»їbest mexican online pharmacies: mexican pharmacy online – buying prescription drugs in mexico online
http://northern-doctors.org/# mexican pharmacy
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa: mexican pharmacy – mexico drug stores pharmacies
mexican drugstore online: cmq pharma mexican pharmacy – pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
reputable mexican pharmacies online cmq mexican pharmacy online buying from online mexican pharmacy
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa mexican online pharmacy medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexico drug stores pharmacies mexico pharmacy pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
mexican pharmaceuticals online cmq mexican pharmacy online buying prescription drugs in mexico online
mexican drugstore online mexico pharmacy buying prescription drugs in mexico online
mexico drug stores pharmacies mexican pharmacy online medication from mexico pharmacy
http://cmqpharma.com/# buying prescription drugs in mexico online
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
buying prescription drugs in mexico online online mexican pharmacy reputable mexican pharmacies online
best online pharmacies in mexico medicine in mexico pharmacies buying prescription drugs in mexico
best canadian pharmacy: my canadian pharmacy review – onlinepharmaciescanada com
http://indiapharmast.com/# top 10 online pharmacy in india
mail order pharmacy india top 10 online pharmacy in india indian pharmacy online
online canadian pharmacy review: canadian 24 hour pharmacy – buy prescription drugs from canada cheap
http://foruspharma.com/# mexico pharmacies prescription drugs
medicine in mexico pharmacies mexican mail order pharmacies mexican pharmacy
indianpharmacy com: pharmacy website india – reputable indian pharmacies
http://canadapharmast.com/# canadian drug prices
indian pharmacy paypal best online pharmacy india indian pharmacy
canadian pharmacy 365: canadian pharmacy – canadian pharmacy
paxlovid cost without insurance: paxlovid generic – Paxlovid buy online